Category Archives: Finance

The New Silk Road Might Be the Biggest Boon to Supply Chain Finance This Year

In yesterday’s post, we asked what impact will the new silk road have on global trade. Specifically, what impact will the new Russia, China, and Germany trade partnership have on global trade — besides simplifying and building Eurasian trade relationships.

One thing it will do is strengthen the resolve of these countries to not only de-couple their currency from the dollar and launch a new reserve currency backed by their union, but to trade in local currencies as well. As trading in local currencies becomes more and more common, banks will become more and more inclined, and even comfortable, to lend in foreign currency denominated debt as well as local currency. Private lending institutions will not only follow, but begin to lead the way.

This will be a great boon to foreign companies which, until now, have been limited to either borrowing from local lenders, at high interest rates, but in the local currency, or a handful of global lenders, at slightly lower interest rates, in a foreign currency, that could cause their debt to skyrocket if their currency weakens with respect to the foreign currency.

The whole point of Supply Chain Finance is to help the cash-strapped supplier. Early payment or dynamic discounting doesn’t help the supplier if the discounts are too high. Arranging for third party lenders to lend using your credit score, and not the suppliers, doesn’t help if the supplier has to take a risk in a foreign currency. And factoring isn’t a solution at all! (Since a third party will only buy your suppliers’ receivables if it can make money off of them — loan sharks at their finest.) Arranging for lending in your suppliers’ local currencies on your credit score when you can’t pay early is safest for your supplier and probably the best supply chain finance solution we’re going to see for a while.

Thoughts?

Is Supply Chain Finance the new Prisoner’s Dilemma?

In the classic logic problem known as the prisoner’s dilemma, there are two prisoners, being held on a minor charge (such as breaking and entering) which comes with a 1 year prison term, suspected of conspiring together to commit a serious crime (such as grand larceny). There is little actual evidence to convict either of them and the police are relying on a confession by one or both prisoners to convict at least one of them of the more serious crime. In an effort to get this confession, the two prisoners are separated and each is offered an identical deal. The deal is that if one prisoner confesses, he’ll be set free, instead of spending 1 year in jail, and the other prisoner will get a 3 year sentence. If neither prisoner confesses, they each do 1 year, and if both prisoners confess, they will both serve time, but only 2 years each for coming forth. What should the prisoners do?

When the dilemma is analyzed using game theory, each party is most likely to betray the other and spend 2 years in jail rather than remain silent and enjoy the best possible outcome of only 1 year in jail. This is because, regardless of what the other prisoner chooses to do, each prisoner believes they improve their likely outcome by confessing, even though an analysis of the possibilities …

 

P1 Confess? P2 Confess? P1 Sentence P2 Sentence
N N 1 1
N Y 3 0
Y N 0 3
Y Y 2 2

 

… indicates that each Prisoner is expected to do an average of only 1.5 years, and betrayal increases time served. Why? It has to do with something called the Nash equilibrium, which is a solution concept of a non-cooperative game where no player has anything to gain by changing only their own strategy (which is often the case when both players have to choose their strategy in secret) and results from the fact that the payoff relationships from each prisoner’s perspective make confession the only case where each player would do worse by unilaterally changing strategy. In simple terms, this means that if prisoner 1 chose confession and prisoner 2 chose confession, then either prisoner changing their choice on their own would result in that prisoner serving more time. In psychological terms, if you don’t confess, and your colleague does, you serve an extra two years while he walks free.

So what does this have to do with Supply Chain Finance (SCF)? Peter Loughlin does a great job making the comparison in his new Purchasing Insight paper on “Demystifying Supply Chain Finance”, sponsored by Taulia. Simply put, even though the best situation for many buyer-supplier relationships (where a SCF solution that would help both parties is not available) is the status-quo (of no supply chain finance), there is often an incentive for one party to choose a solution that benefits them, even though, as in the case of the prisoner’s dilemma, the choice of that solution often damages the other party considerably (by adding cost to the other party, just like the prisoner’s dilemma adds time).

The reason for this is that each primary SCF solution, for reasons that are clearly explained in the white-paper, has a sweet-spot and any relationship that falls outside of that sweet-spot isn’t helped by the solution, and may even be hurt by it. In a very cramped nutshell:

  • Supplier Finance only helps large volume/dollar suppliers of large buyers because banks aren’t willing to bear the cost of on-boarding the long tail of the supply chain
  • Dynamic Discounting only helps favoured suppliers because most buyers typically don’t’ have the liquidity to pay the entire supply chain early and not all suppliers have e- solutions that integrate with the buyers’ dynamic discounting solutions (assuming that the buyer will extend or negotiate terms across the entire supply base)
  • Pre-Shipment Finance doesn’t help the buyer or give the supplier access to borrowing at the buyer’s creditworthiness

For more details, download Purchasing Insight’s new white paper on “Demystifying Supply Chain Finance”. It’s worth it.

15 Years Ago Today, The Internet Rocket Begins to Run Out of Fuel

15 Years Ago today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 10,000 mark for the first time during the height of the Internet boom. It was the beginning of the end, which started a year later after the NASDAQ peaked at an all-time high of 4,048.62 on March 10, 2000. It was all downhill in the dot-com bust from that point on. But what can you expect from a frenzy that results in an online property spending $188 Million in a mere six months in an attempt to create a global online fashion store?

The lesson here is that if something looks too good to be true, it’s probably too good to last. If a supplier is significantly undercutting the market in their bid to win your business, it’s a desperation move and cutting prices to levels that are barely at, or below, cost is not going to improve the supplier’s financial viability. If your newly launched product is commanding a considerably larger share of the market than you expected, the market was probably a blue ocean and your lead will only last until a rival launches a similar product with new features and more marketing dollars behind it. If everything has been going smooth in your supply chain for the last year, given the current rate of supply chain disruptions and the ever increasing frequency of black swan attacks, your luck is probably about to run out. So be prepared for the unexpected. It’s bound to happen eventually, and likely sooner than you think!

Nine Rules for Insuring the Dash For Cash

CFO World recently published a short piece on “ending the dash for cash” in which they outlined then steps to success that an organization can take to help shrink working capital in which they got it all wrong.

Good working capital management doesn’t shrink working capital, it enlarges it. So, in the spirit of Mark Perera’s “Nine Rules for Stifling Supplier Innovation” (Old St Labs), Sourcing Innovation gives you nine rules for insuring that you will eventually have to dash for cash to keep your business afloat.

  • Focus on recently overdue accounts. If the customer has a history of paying on time, but just missed a payment or two, even though chances are they just screwed up because they haven’t implemented proper e-Invoice Management and temporarily misplaced your invoice, call them up and give them a stern lecture on how deeply disappointed you are in them.
  • Insist that there is no acceptable excuse for late payment. Even if the excuse is that the customer is disputing the amount you charged them because you failed to apply a discount or mistyped the quantity they actually received (because there is no integration between your shipping system and billing system and a data entry clerk has to key in quantity). Insist they should pay now and you will resolve the dispute later.
  • Never change your standard payment terms. They worked ten years ago, why shouldn’t they work now?
  • Pay on your terms, no matter what. Who cares that the supplier has to borrow at 20% annual compounding interest to float your 120 day payment terms. That’s their problem, right?
  • Don’t fret the inventory. If sales ordered it, they’ll move it when they’re good and ready. It’s not your problem, it’s the COO’s.
  • Forget next quarter. Wall Street is only going to judge you on this quarter, so do whatever you can to put the books in the best possible light, especially if it’s year end. You’ll figure out next quarter when next quarter arrives.
  • Link performance measures to year-over-year profit. Again, that’s all Wall Street cares about, so forget about those pesky savings targets, sustainability initiatives, or long term cost reduction measures. They never materialize anyway, right?
  • Focus on quarter-over-quarter cash on hand and net income reporting. Reporting on increases in current and future liabilities just dampens everyone’s mood unnecessarily.
  • Don’t be a sucker for early payment discounts. It lowers your cost, but it lowers your cash on hand even more — and that’s what Wall Street will judge you on.

Follow these rules and I ensure you that, sooner or later, you will be making a dash for cash.

Basware: P2P for the Global “E” Part III

In yesterday’s post, we continued our introduction to Basware, a Finnish provider of enterprise finance solutions that serves the global e-Commerce, P2P, and AP Automation marketplace with over 2,000 international customers that collectively do business with over 1 Million companies in over 100 countries. Yesterday, we focussed on the AP automation and invoice processing capabilities. Today we are going to discuss the e-Invoicing functionality and the Basware Commerce Network.

The Basware Commerce Network (BCN) is an open commerce network that connects to almost 1 Million companies in over 100 countries through over 170 partner networks which include B2BE, Cortex, Crediflow, Crossgate, Danske Bank, Edisoft, Elemica, GHX, GXS, Hubspan, Tradex, Unified Post, Ximantix and over 150 others. Customers on the Basware Commerce Network can send and receive e-Invoices and e-Documents to any company connected to the BCN through one of the partner networks free of charge1. The BCN, which has implemented tax compliance in more than 50 countries, currently delivers over 60 Million e-Invoices per year (with a combined value in excess of $420 Billion) and Basware expects to be processing over 150 Million e-Invoices a year by the end of 2015 (which will have a combined value in excess of 1 Trillion dollars).

A key feature of the BCN is that it was designed to be used by, and equally support, senders and receivers. Note that we are not using the standard terminology of buyers and suppliers because, whereas some networks were designed to be buyer centric and support the buyer who is receiving tens (or hundreds) of thousands of invoices a year, the solution was designed for companies who are receiving tens (or hundreds) of thousands of invoices a year and for companies who are sending out tens (or hundreds) of thousands of invoices a year. Since Basware started out as a enterprise finance platform, and not an e-Procurement platform, they have a unique take on P2P and design their solutions to enable both senders and receivers (and suppliers and buyers) equally. As a result, the solution is just as likely to be acquired by a large (CPG) manufacturer or apparel distributor which only receives a few invoices for raw materials but sends out ten to one hundred times as many to its customer base of all sizes that orders frequently and in small amounts.

Another key feature is that when the BCN is working flawlessly, it’s invisible. The entire point of the network is automatic delivery and automation of e-Invoice and other e-Document processing, which will either be done through a module in Basware’s application suite or your existing ERP, MRP, or AP solution. As per our last post, Basware has already integrated with over 250 ERP, MRP, AP, and other back-office systems and, if you already have a system for processing the e-Invoices, purchase orders, and other e-Documents sent over the network, it will push the documents into (and pull the appropriate documents and confirmations from) those systems. If your existing system is “plugged in” to the network, you’ll never have to use the portal2. Typically, a person in the receiving party will only log into the portal to verify that an invoice has been received when he gets a call from an individual in the sending party3 (and does not have access to the processing system — for example, the supplier might call up the account rep to ask if the invoice was received instead of someone in Accounts Payable). And typically the only senders who will sign into the portal are small suppliers who haven’t integrated the BCN into their Accounts Receivable / Back Office invoice management software and want to send an invoice over the BCN (to insure prompt receipt, processing, and payment capability).

With the BCN, it’s possible for an organization to achieve 100% e-Invoice penetration. Because the BCN supports receipt of invoices by EDI, XML, inter-operator networks, direct connect, virtual printer, Scan-and-Capture, Cloud-scan, e-mail (Lite)4 and even keyed-in by the supplier, which covers every methodology a supplier may use to send an invoice, customers of the BCN can achieve 100% paper-free invoice processing (and have in countries with strict e-Invoicing requirements, such as Brazil, Finland, Sweden and Norway). Note that they have multiple scan solutions — you can scan it and key it in locally through the BCN portal, and attach the scan; you can have it sent to your OCR provider that is plugged into the BCN; or use Basware’s Cloudscan which will take the scan, process it, and push it into your e-Invoice solution, flagging any exceptions or scanning issues that need to be manually addressed.

The supplier portal is designed to be quick and easy to use, and is divided into four main sections, current work-view, inbox, sent and purchase orders. In the current-workflow, the supplier sees all of the incoming events that need to be processed; in the inbox, the supplier sees the incoming purchasing orders, associated messages, and status updates from the buyer; in the sent tab, the supplier sees the invoices they sent through the network, associated messages and status updates they provided; and in the purchase order tab they can search purchase orders and dive into the details of the purchase order, view line items, retrieve attached files, view the processing history, and pull up associated invoices that they sent to the buyer.

Since the network is designed to integrate with the buyer’s current ERP, MRP, AP and back-office systems and Basware P2P modules, the buyer portal is equally minimal and easy to use. The buyer can log in to search and view incoming invoices, send messages or queries to the supplier about those invoices, and run reports on the invoices in the system to query the number, and ids, of open invoices, invoices by supplier, invoices unpaid, etc. Since there was no need to duplicate the functionality in the other Basware modules and/or the other back-office systems currently in place in most customer organizations, Basware designed the portal to support quick and simple confirmational queries and messaging between the buyer and supplier, and it does this quite well. In addition, all discussions are included in the audit trail and can be retrieved at any time.

And the proof of the value is in the e-Invoice pudding it supports. A Major Engineering firm in the Netherlands that was receiving over 150,000 (paper) invoices a year was able to replace over 50% of these paper invoices with e-Invoices in less than six months and automatically match more than 80% of them, which translated into a 60% reduction in manpower required for invoice processing (which had an associated cost of 6.5 FTEs). A leading energy company in Europe which received over 700,000 (paper) invoices a year was able to convert over 50% of its suppliers to e-Invoices in six months by partnering with Basware to help it with a global supplier activation (on-boarding) program. A leading mining, construction, oil & gas, and pulp and paper company in Brazil was able to achieve 100% e-Invoice penetration with the help of Basware which, with its Cloudscan solution, was able to help the company help its suppliers push 100% of its 200,000 plus annual invoice volume through the BCN. And it’s not just buyers who have invested heavily in the BCN. One of the largest CPG companies (with a market cap in excess of 30 Billion) uses the platform to send over 400,000 invoices electronically in Scandinavia and nearby countries in the EU. No matter how big your e-Invoicing need, Basware and its BCN can handle the volume.

1 Free of charge is conditional on delivery mechanism used. Portal (invoice key-in and PO flip) and sending e-invoices via email are free for the supplier and a buyer can receive e-Invoices through the portal free of charge from a sender.

2 However, you still may want to use the value added services of the portal which include, but are not limited to, tracking invoice status and collaborating with your business partners.

3 Who could log into the supplier portal to get the same information, but, due to technical issues on the supplier side, is unable to do so at that particular point in time.

4 Scan-and-capture refers to in-house scanning and OCR (optical character recognition), cloud-scan refers to outsourced scan-and-capture, and e-mail Lite is Basware’s solution for receiving invoices via e-mail.