Category Archives: Risk Management

Even in Night, Procurement Shines Bright

The Winter Edition of CPO Agenda had a great article on how stand-out procurement functions are continuing to extend their reach and value despite volatile market conditions. In “How the Stars Shine Brighter”, the authors reviewed the 2008 Assessment of Excellence in Procurement from A.T. Kearney (AEP) that surveyed and benchmarked almost 500 respondents against their industry and geographic peer groups as well as best-in-class companies.

The study identified three key trends from leading procurement practices that can be directly linked to the attainment of sustainable competitive advantage:

  • Leaders achieve a broader mandate to drive change,
  • Leaders develop dynamic new value-creation strategies to satisfy ever-increasing customer demands, and
  • Leaders continue to develop and maintain robust enabling capabilities in performance management, knowledge and information management, and human resources management.

Leaders Drive Change

In direct materials leaders typically control two-thirds of external expenditure — twice that of the average firm. In indirect materials, the proportion is 73% for leaders, 42% for followers. By addressing a larger portion of the total corporate spend, leaders are yielding overall procurement-related savings that are 2.3 times greater than the followers. For a $20 billion company that could represent a 21% advantage in earnings per share versus its competition.

How do they do this? They:

  • Align with Corporate Strategy
    The CPO maintains a close relationship with senior management to help him or her align procurement strategies with the overall corporate strategy.
  • Refine the Organizational Structure
    Today’s procurement organizations frequently follow a center-led model that features common policies, approaches and practices for purchasing company-wide.
  • Increase Strategic Focus
    Leaders focus on strategic initiatives, not transactional activities that are best left to automated systems.

Leaders Develop New Value-Creation Strategies

Leaders go above and beyond the basics, initiate supplier collaboration, and differentiate themselves through superior approaches to risk management, best-cost country sourcing, and sustainability. They

  • Take Sourcing Practices to New Heights
    Leaders take a highly systematic approach to the application of traditional sourcing strategies, including volume concentration, best-price evaluation and global sourcing, as well as more relationship-orientated approaches such as product specification and joint process improvement, and relationship restructuring. Leaders also create value by using sourcing and category management methods such as innovation network leveraging, product “teardown” (a common method of analysing competitors’ products), collaborative cost reduction, expressive bidding and price benchmarking, to name but a few, to a far greater extent than followers. As a result, they attain higher levels of cost savings and value.
  • Drive Supplier Collaboration and Innovation
    Leaders are redefining boundaries and reaping the benefits of true partnerships, such as more product and service innovation and faster time to market.
  • Unlock Value through Risk Management
    The majority of leaders systematically use internal risk mitigation strategies to ensure supply continuity, develop category management contingency plans, align supply security with their overall business risk tolerance goals, and define, measure and track risk management and supply chain key performance indicators (KPIs).
  • Source from Emerging Markets
    Leaders arrive to the party early, while the savings buffet is full and plentiful. Leaders demonstrate that potential obstacles around emerging market sourcing can be overcome by actively engaging with and investing in suppliers. The ability to manage risk — through supplier process auditing, process risk assessment, high-quality data reporting and analysis, and the placement of key procurement executives in offshore locations — gives the leaders confidence that their emerging market sourcing activities will bring cost improvements without introducing excess risk.
  • Follow Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility Best Practices
    Finding the right balance between economic viability, environmental awareness and social well-being is a significant challenge, but a competitive advantage can be gained by companies that locate intersection points for all three. Sustainability leaders are differentiating themselves in a number of ways, be it through reductions in energy use and waste, taking on a holistic, future-orientated focus, or extending sustainability outward to the extended enterprise.

Leaders Employ Robust Enabling Capabilities

Leaders measure actual benefits, perform audits of procurement benefits, examine the function’s impact on profit and loss, and track productivity performance indicators. Leaders

  • Employ Best-of-Breed Technology
    Leaders have taken spend visibility to the next level, linking systems to product development and product lifecycle management tools to further improve control and influence procurement decisions earlier in the design and decision-making process. Leaders are improving their business intelligence capabilities with respect to spend management, using techniques such as predictive modeling at a much faster rate than followers. And leaders hold, on average, more than five e-sourcing events per business day — a rate four times greater than that of the followers.
  • Win the Fierce Battle for Talent
    Leaders realise that continued success depends on their ability to attract and retain the right people.

A Great Guide to Outsourcing Risk Management, Part III

In Part I we we discussed the starting point of your outsourcing project and how you go about selecting service providers to issue RFPs to and in Part II we discussed proposal evaluation. Today we will discuss the contract, and the dispute resolution process in particular, and remind you to check out the full series on outsourcing risk management by Alsbridge, as printed by SourcingMag.com, that this series is partially based on.

So What Needs to Be In the Contract?

Lots and lots of legalese, of course, and I highly recommend you check out Stephen’s Guth Vendor Management Office Blog and the books and downloads he has indexed on his site (including The Contract Negotiation Handbook and Implementing a Vendor Management Office) before you start. That being said, there are two critical sections that must be in every outsourcing contract, and that must be carefully thought out and specified in detail before the contract is signed if you really want to alleviate potential risks, and they are dispute resolution and service level agreements.

So What Do You Need With Respect to Dispute Resolution?

Remember, if there is a disagreement between two parties, the time to figure out how to discuss and resolve it equitably is not in the midst of the disagreement. That’s why the rules for boxing matches are set in advance rather than discussed after one fighter has already tried to bite the other’s ear off. Making the process as defined and clinical as possible will remove tension from disagreements, especially when things must be escalated and your counterpart is angling for your ear. Be sure that each of the following questions are answered in your agreement before the agreement is signed.

  • What is the process for raising an issue?
    This must be spelled out, or the other party can claim that they were not aware of an issue, and hence under no obligation to take any action.
  • How long does each side get to investigate and formulate a reply?
    The party being notified of an issue must have a set timeframe in which they have to formulate a reply, otherwise, they can stall indefinitely with “we’re looking into it”.
  • If the issue is not resolved, who meets?
    The project managers? Subject matter experts? Mangers? Executives?
  • When?
    The meetings to resolve issues, and resulting disputes, can be ad-hoc or regularly scheduled, but there must be a maximum timeframe that can elapse without a meeting being when there is an issue to resolve or there is nothing to prevent one party from stalling the other indefinitely.
  • Does the timeline vary based on issue size?
    If one party discovers the issue to be larger than originally thought, is an additional fixed time allotted for further investigation or resolution?
  • When does an issue become a dispute?
    After an unsuccessful meeting? After 7 days without resolution? This must be clearly defined.
  • What clear authority does each party have to negotiate?
    This must be clearly defined so that the right people are at the table for issue, and dispute, resolution meetings. Otherwise, the other party can claim that their representative had no authority to negotiate on their behalf and stall a negotiation indefinitely. The contract should also stipulate what authority project managers have to resolve issues and disputes. For example, sometimes a few extra hours of work on behalf of one party or the other, even if they have to be off-the-record, can go a long way to resolving problems and building a rapport that is invaluable to team success. For example, if a project was supposed to take eight weeks, but at the end of eight weeks, three days of work is left, is it really worth a dispute? Or can the project managers for each party decide to just “split the difference” to get it done and move on.
  • How long do the authorities have to get to the table?
    If a dispute arises, how long do parties with the authority to resolve it have to get to the table.
  • If no agreement is reached, when can the issue be escalated?
    There’s always a good chance that a dispute will arise that cannot resolved amicably between the parties at the table in a reasonable timeframe, so it must be crystal clear when a party can request that the problem be escalated within their counterpart’s organization.
  • What triggers arbitration or legal action?
    Although everyone hopes it won’t happen, some disputes will not be resolved even when the CEOs make it to the table. Therefore, the agreement must clearly spell out when a party can request arbitration or resort to legal action if it was clearly damaged by an action, or inaction, of the other party.

The next post in the series will discuss service level agreements.

A Great Guide to Outsourcing Risk Management, Part II

Yesterday we discussed the starting point of your outsourcing project and how you go about selecting service providers to issue RFPs to. Today we will discuss proposal evaluation and remind you to check out the full series on outsourcing risk management by Alsbridge, as printed by SourcingMag.com, that this series is partially based on.

So How Do You Evaluate The Proposals?

Before you start, you should have an evaluation plan and a weighting scheme that weights each proposal that meets your minimum requirements on a comparable scale that addresses, at a minimum, solution completeness, solution cost, provider experience, proposal complexity, leadership capability, deal importance, and how. Then, if there is a clear winner, you start negotiations with the pack leader. If two, or three, solutions, are close, you can request additional information in a follow-up RFP, provided you specified in your original RFP that a follow-up round will be held if the organization feels that it does not have enough information to make a final selection. So what are you looking for?

  • Solution Completeness
    To what extent does the solution being proposed meat your requirements?
  • Solution Cost
    How does the cost stack up compared to the other proposals relative to the completeness of the solution being proposed? Be wary of proposals with an extremely low price tag that seem too good to be true — they usually are.
  • Provider Experience
    How much experience does the provider have delivering solutions of the completeness and complexity they are proposing?
  • Proposal Complexity
    Is the organization able to offer the complete solution on its own, or will it need to partner with one or more external organizations? Be wary of proposals that require a team of external participants to deliver … since the communication and coordination challenges increase exponentially with each additional participant.
  • Leadership Capability
    Has the provider led the previous projects of similar complexity, or merely been an understudy? You’re looking for a provider who will take ownership of the processes and systems you’re outsourcing … if you have to guide them every step of the way, you might as well just keep the processes in house!
  • Deal Importance
    How big is this opportunity to the provider and, conversely, how important will you be to them as their customer? If this deal would double their size and represent half of their income, you’ll be pretty damn important. However, if you’d represent less than 1% of their income, you’d be pretty far down on their priority list and the vendor might not be that responsive when problems arose that needed immediate resolution. However, be wary of being too important … if they have to tie up all available resources just to get started, what extra support will be available down the road?
  • How?
    When reviewing every statement of action, be sure to look for How?. If the answer isn’t in the proposal, you might have a problem. For example, if they are proposing that they will open a new support facility just for you near your location, you want to know how they are going to do this in the timeframe allowed. It takes time to hire and train people, and even though the big three can ship servers within a week, it takes time to set them up, and telecom circuits alone can take over 60 days to order and install.

Once you’ve selected you’re preferred provider, you can move on to the contract, which is the subject of the next post in this series.

A Great Guide to Outsourcing Risk Management, Part I

Not that long ago, SourcingMag.com published a great six part series, authored by Alsbridge on “managing risk in outsourcing” that covered a best-practice approach to reducing your outsourcing risk that is a must-read for anyone considering outsourcing as part of their procurement function, even if (and especially if) it is just the tactical part. Although the article, and the series, focusses primarily on the aspects of IT outsourcing, the reality is that tactical improvements primarily originate from automation and better systems, so you really need to understand the IT trade-offs before you can make an educated and informed decision.

It’s also important to remember that the reality is that even though there is little to be saved on tactical process automation or improvement relative to what can be saved from a well executed strategic sourcing event on a high-dollar category, the reality is that a botched automation of your tactical procurement processes, especially as part of an outsourcing project, can cost you dearly as your team will have to spend all their time fixing the mess … and the opportunity cost of doing such is phenomenal. Moreover, if your systems are not aligned, you’ll never capture all of the savings that your expert sourcerors negotiate. (There’s a reason that most companies capture less than 50% of negotiated cost savings … and that reason is inadequate systems and poor monitoring.) Thus, before you outsource any aspect of your procurement operation, which you should consider doing if an outsourcing provider can offer you better technologies and processes at a lower cost of operation, it’s important that you understand what you are going to outsource, how you’re going to get a return on your investment, and how you’re going to manage the outsourcing project to make sure the savings materialize. In other words, before you embark on a procurement outsourcing project, you need a good strategy.

Where Do You Start?

Start by identifying all of the potential failure points in your plan, determining the probability of failure and the associated cost if a failure occurs, and then develop risk mitigating plans for those risks that have more than a slight chance of occurrence or a high recovery cost. Then you can move on to your search for a service provider partner.

So How Do You Select The Right Service Provider?

Do some research, starting with the industry leading blogs (like Sourcing Innovation) and the free resource sites (like the SI Resource Site) available to you to identify potential providers. Then embark upon an RFX project to help you identify the provider who can meet your needs at the best price point.

Make sure the RFP completely spells out what you want to outsource; the processes you want followed; the people, process, and system interactions you desire; the change management processes that you follow; the frequency with which you inspect system updates and innovation; current process cycle times; and the cycle-time and cost reductions you are expecting; the service levels you require; and the degree of year-over-year improvements that are expected from your service provider. It’s important that the RFP spells out everything the vendor needs to know, otherwise, they won’t be able to put their best foot forward and will have difficulty being successful. It’s not up to them to fret the details, it’s up to you. Penalty clause or not, it’s still your mess to clean up if your vendors don’t get paid the right amount on time or, even worse, they all get overpaid by 10% and you have to fight for refunds and it’s still your liability if financial statements are wrong because the provider screwed up. If you can prove complete ignorance and best-effort to insure financial statement accuracy, you might escape jail, but that will be of little consolation if the resulting fines bankrupt your company and you’re out on your ass without a job. The simple fact of the matter is that the more detail you can provide in your RFP, the better a potential partner can determine whether or not they can provide the solution you need and how much it will likely cost to do so. And if you don’t know how to put together a good RFP, you can always Get Help from an expert. Once the RFPs are in, you start with the evaluation, which is the subject of Part II of our series.

Dead Company II: If You’re Hoarding Cash …

Like my fellow bloggers, I talk to a lot of companies in the run of a week, and many more in the run of a month, and one thing I’ve been hearing too much of lately is “we’ve cut back on X” — where X is marketing, development, or outside consulting — “because we have to conserve cash to get through the current crisis” — where the crisis is the current recession, downturn, etc. And it saddens me because the truth of the situation is thus: If You’re Hoarding Cash, You’re Not Going To Last … you’re just prolonging a slow, agonizing death!

As I’ve reminded you many times before, great companies are born in recessions … especially in Spend Management! This is a spend management company’s best time to shine … and the time you are most likely to get the undivided attention of senior management who dismissed you as unnecessary when times were good and the stream of cash was overflowing. Plus, it’s an opportunistic perfect storm like none you’ve ever seen: companies are desperate for savings, prices have nose-dived in many commodity markets which had been climbing steadily for years, and many types of spend management technology — including sourcing, procurement, analysis, optimization, supplier information management, and trade management — are now mature low-risk technologies in the eyes of even the most conservative techno-phobes. Plus, SaaS has hit mainstream and advances in cloud infrastructures allow you to keep your costs, and prices, low enough to make your solutions, and the returns they offer, within the budgets of even the lower end of the mid-market. In other words, everyone needs it, everyone can benefit from it, and everyone can afford it — especially if you can offer SaaS and they don’t have to come up with a large amount of cash up front, before they see savings.

But you’re not going to see a single sale if:

  • they don’t know you’re there
    and they won’t if you don’t keep your brand out there where they can find it
  • you’re not keeping your technology up-to-date
    because even the most technology illiterate procurement professionals know that advantages are fleeting and the only real value will come from solutions that are continually being improved and updated
  • you’re not innovating ahead of your competitors
    because it is always a buyer’s market and customers are going to buy the best solution … and you’re not going to know what that is if you don’t bring in some expert help once in a while to help you do a competitive analysis and chart the right roadmap

Now, I’m not saying that you should go out and spend 50K to 100K on a trade-show and staff your booth with magicians, super models, and sports stars just to get attention; that you should double your development team and see how much you can pump out in the next year; or that you should go out and hire a McKinsey or A.T. Kearney to do a complete end-to-end analysis of your software and service offerings — just that you need to conduct business as usual against a thought-out growth strategy. Otherwise, you might as well pack it in and go home, because odds are that you have no future.

However, I am saying that you need to maintain visibility where it counts, and especially on-line as some recent studies have found that appropriately designed on-line campaigns can easily be three times as effective as print campaigns; that you need to continue to enhance your current offering and continue to develop one or more new offerings with a high ROI potential, and that you need to continue to validate your offerings and directions with an external expert. And if you’re smart, you can stretch smaller marketing, development, and consulting budgets and get a big bang for your buck.

Because if you decide to hoard your cash, here’s what happens.

  • You cut your marketing budget and fade from memory because no one remembers you exist in the face of constant marketing from your smarter peers; as a result, you don’t get invited to the table when new opportunities arise and your pipeline shrinks until there’s no one left to sell to.
  • You cut your development budget and your solutions get stale, and even when you do get invited to the table, you lose because your competition not only has more functionality, but has new features and functions that streamline processes, improve analysis, and identify more savings.
  • You cut your consulting budget and you lose touch with your target market, going down tangents that your CEO thinks are important but that, in reality, are only valuable to one or two companies with obscure processes and, as a result, what you thought was a great new feature that would put you ahead of your competition actually scares potential customers away.

And even if you manage to make it through the recession to the next boom, you’ll be one to two years behind your competition, who will likely grow by leaps and bounds and decimate you on all fronts when you emerge from your cocoon. So, unless you’re sitting on at least three to four year’s worth of cash in the bank, which I know is not the case for over 99% of companies in this space, remember this: those who hoard cash don’t last. Another shake-out is coming … and it is the predators, and not the prey, that are going to win this round. The question is, which are you?