Category Archives: Decision Optimization

The Role of Optimization in Strategic Sourcing – A Brief Introduction

As hinted at in Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious this summer, in this series that I will be starting next week, I will be digging into the recent report on “the role of optimization in strategic sourcing” from CAPS Research. This report, which is the most extensive effort I’ve seen by anyone [other than myself and my efforts here on this blog, in the wiki-paper, in the e-Sourcing Handbook, and the NLP sponsored podcast (part I, part II, and transcript)] to define the role of strategic sourcing decision optimization, provides a great introduction to someone just getting started with this very valuable, but still under-utilized, technology.

That being said, there are some statements in the report that need to be highlighted, some important points that were missing, some statements that were misleading (at least in my view), and some statements that were, frankly, just plain wrong. In this series, which will focus on some of the finer points of this report, I, as an expert in strategic sourcing decision optimization and a practitioner who has (single-handledly, in the first case) designed two of the leading systems on the market this decade, will focus primarily on those statements that need to be stressed, added, clarified, or corrected. The hope is that upon reading the report and this “editorial”, those of you who have not yet tried strategic sourcing decision optimization will understand, at least at a basic level, what decision optimization is, what it does, the value it can bring, and why you should be using it as part of your sourcing process to save an average of 12% above and beyond what you’ll save if you are still relying on e-RFX and (reverse) auctions alone.

Finally, before we begin, while the report thanked Ariba, CombineNet, Emptoris, and Iasta, you should be aware that Trade Extensions and Algorhythm are major players and that, as far as the doctor is concerned, Ariba does not have a true strategic sourcing decision optimization solution that meets the basic requirements outlined in the wiki-paper.

Next, Part I: Optimization in the Strategic Sourcing Process.

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Trade Extensions Trades Up Its UI and e-Negotiation Management Capabilities

About a year ago, I introduced you to Trade Extensions (TE) on the eleventh day of X-Mas. A provider of an extensive on-demand e-Negotiation platform, Trade Extensions is an emerging player in the global e-Sourcing marketplace — one that offers negotiation management, extensive RFX, and (reverse) auctions with embedded real-time decision optimization.

Since my initial coverage, Trade Extensions has made the following significant updates to their platform:

  • a brand new UI across their end-to-end system
    The new UI is crisp, clean, and click-minimal. It’s quick and easy to use and very self evident. Plus, their online help pages are very extensive and updated regularly by the entire TE development and consulting teams.
  • integrated data cleansing & classification capabilities
    Have to fix a lot of data? Just create a rule and map it, just like you’d do in a spend cleansing and classification system.
  • OLAP Reporting for Scenarios
    Users now have access to full OLAP capabilities when viewing scenario results and reports.

In addition, the following features, which I have not covered before, have been improved:

  • extensive modifications to their bid supplement functionality
    Data — pricing, discount(s), rebate(s), etc. — can be captured at any level (supplier, business unit, plant location, etc.) and used for mark-ups, discounts, qualitative scores, or as the basis for any formula(s) the user wishes to define.
  • flexible bid forms
    Not only does TE support full Excel integration, but bid forms can be designed by the user to fit their business needs. There’s no need to force your information into a single system format. A user can create additional worksheets, add columns and rows to existing worksheets as required and add macros and formulas without interfering with the platform’s ability to read completed bid forms.
  • outlier analysis and statistical reporting
    The platform can automatically detect bids that might be too high or too low and flag them for your review (after you define your outlier rules, such as specific bid field values x% away from average / historic / custom calculation). The platform also includes a number of statistics reports, including a parameter statistics report that contains a detailed analysis at the lot and bid level.
  • composed filters
    Filters, which allow you to define constraints on any set of suppliers, ship from locations, ship to locations, products, etc., can now be defined on other filters to allow for very easy, and very powerful, constraint creation.
  • selection sheets
    Excel spreadsheets can be used to define allocation constraints, discounts, penalties, and multipliers … greatly simplifying discount and constraint creation in many cases.
  • project management functionality
    100% integrated into the cohesive e-Negotiation platform, the project management functionality allows for the creation of phases and tasks, the allocation of resources to phases and tasks, and the creation of scopes (by supplier, geography, etc.) as appropriate.

They’ve also continued to increase its power. Consider a recent project run by a financial services firm that tendered all of the components of a direct mail project that would result in the mailing of 1.8 Billion documents. The project, which consisted of 65,000 items, 60,000 transport destinations, and 400,000 bids from over 100 suppliers was valued at $1 Billion with a “B”.

The project was to ultimately deliver documents to the firm’s customers, but to get to that stage each part of the supply chain needed to be tendered. This included design, paper supply, printing, assembly, and transport. The project was completed as a single tender with offers collected on-line and all components tendered concurrently. In addition, suppliers could make conditional offers that reflected their own efficiencies that could present the firm with further savings. This was a project that could not even be attempted by hand as it would take someone close to two weeks just to scan each bid. There’s no way someone could even fathom attempting to optimize this scenario if all they had was a spreadsheet solution that couldn’t handle more than 65,536 rows.

Finally, TE is one of the few players in the market to make their pricing scheme public.

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7 Sourcing Secrets More Than 2 People Should Know

A recent article over on Cracked listed “7 Secrets Only Two Living People Know” (for some reason … that the doctor must admit he doesn’t understand in a few of the cases). While entertaining, it did cause me to ask why there are so many truths in sourcing that most people still don’t seem to get. Since some days I feel like only 2 people know the following, I decided I should do my own post on 7 sourcing secrets more than 2 people should know. Because you really, really, really should know the following sourcing “secrets”. After all, they’re truths, even if no one’s bothering to tell you. So without further ado, here they are:

1. Spend Analysis is flexible Data Analysis, not canned reports on a data warehouse populated via automated classification

Real spend analysis is the ability to dive into your data and find out not just where your true spend is higher than it should be, but why. This requires you to have the ability to slice, dice, and cube your data on any dimension you can think of, because you’re never going to know where the losses are until you find them. (After all, if you knew where your holes were, wouldn’t you have plugged them already?) Canned reports on a static data warehouse can only tell you how fixes you’ve already implemented are working, not where the holes are. Furthermore, “automated classification” just doesn’t work. Any good consultant worth his salt can load your data into a real data analysis product and find two dozen mistakes in twelve minutes. You need the ability to define and redefine mapping rules on the fly as all automated classification can do is fix previously identified mistakes. It can’t identify new ones. Software isn’t intelligent. People are.

2. e-RFX is electronic support for the full information and quote gathering cycle, not just bid collection

If all your e-RFX does is allow you to collect bids, it’s not e-RFX. It’s e-RFQ, and a poor e-RFQ at that. It should allow you to create questionnaires, surveys, and entire RFX packages with closed and open-ended questions, allow you to compare responses side by side, and allow you to collect not only all of the pricing, but all of the discounts, rebates, and promotions the supplier offers. It should help you manage the process, guide you through it, and support data import and export in open formats so that you can also use analysis, optimization, and contract management tools.

3. A Reverse Auction is simply an online auction event, it’s not a substitute for proper sourcing project management

I follow the space closely and not a month goes by where I don’t see an article on how Company XYZ is now refusing to participate in online auctions. When you dig down, this is because they had a horrible experience. When you dig deeper still, you find out it is typically either because Company ABC simply threw an auction tool at the supplier and told they had to bid through the tool or lose all their business or Company ABC threw up an auction tool and said they’d award to the lowest bidder but ended up going with a different supplier, usually the incumbent, after the auction closed.

I find this appalling, because e-Auctions, like e-RFX, are not only a great time saver, but a great way to bring parties together from around the globe and allow them to participate in an e-Sourcing event that, when run right, is more transparent, educational, and profitable for all parties concerned than traditional methods of sourcing where you get bids by phone and fax until you find three bids you like and then meet in a room to “negotiate” until a deal is struck with a winner. (And I use the term “negotiate” loosely because old style purchasing methods usually boil down to the party with the most leverage beating up the party with the least leverage.) But this is only true if the event is run right. This takes proper project planning and management. Tools can facilitate the process, but they can’t replace it.

4. Decision Optimization is for everyone, not just for math geeks

I’ll admit this is my own personal bandwagon, but having seen savings of over 40% and ROIs of over 400 on a number of projects, and average savings in the 10% to 20% range and average ROIs of 5X to 10X or more, I think I have a good reason for riding it. Despite the fact that true self-service decision optimization for sourcing has now been around for almost a decade, it’s still the “black sheep” that almost no one uses — and it’s a real shame because now is the time you need it most. Furthermore, the new tools coming out of the leading providers are a lot more usable than the first generation tools and can be easily used by any college graduate who can build a cost model and specify some business constraints. In other words, if you have the pre-requisites for strategic sourcing, you can use these tools to save time, to save money, and make better, more informed, decisions.

5. Contract Management is just a new name for document management with integrated monitoring, it’s not a replacement for contract managers

Lately I’ve noticed how contract management is coming into vogue. And while that’s a good thing, it’s important to understand what contract management is and isn’t because it seems that some vendors, and some publications, are promoting the new offerings as the latest and greatest tools to solve all your contract woes when the reality is that these tools are nothing more than document management tools with monitors and alerts. I won’t deny the importance of having a good contract management tool that can monitor expiration dates, contract pricing, and, most importantly, invoiced pricing against contracted rates, but these tools, even if they contain sophisticated contract creation capabilities, can’t replace a contract expert, a master negotiator, or a good spend analysis tool that can uncover devious work-arounds by less-than-reputable vendors looking for a way to make back that buck they gave up in negotiations. (For example, I’ve talked to a number of consultants who told me how they found that some office supply management vendors regularly changed SKUs to bill you twice as much for that pen as it’s really worth.)

6. e-Procurement is tactical, and not a substitute for e-Sourcing

There’s still a lot of confusion in the marketplace between what is e-Procurement (and how it relates to P2P, EIPP, and the other new acronyms old players are coining to differentiate their new, streamlined, offering) and what is e-Sourcing, even though it should be fairly clear cut (as I attempted to outline in this post on why it’s sourcing and procurement). A few of the e-Procurement vendors are even claiming that you don’t need sourcing at all if you use the wisdom of crowds (which is not the case because there’s a big difference between a great deal on a commodity office supply and a great deal on raw cocoa or custom circuit boards, which are not commodities). Sourcing is the strategic part of the purchasing cycle, procurement is the tactical. You need both, and one is not a substitute for the other.

7. It’s not what you know, it’s what you can learn

Plain and simple,

  • it doesn’t matter if you’ve been doing it that way for 20 years if it’s not optimal,
  • shift happens, and
  • whatever happens, the world of tomorrow will not be the world of today.

You have to keep learning. That’s why this blog is here.

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Don’t Forget to Optimize Your Packaging

Not only does packaging cost you money to produce, it can prevent you from being seen as a responsible corporate citizen concerned about sustainability if it is excessive and not reusable or recyclable. But more importantly, poor packaging can greatly increase your shipping costs. If it increases your product size by 50%, that’s at least a 33% reduction in the number of items you can ship in each truck or on each pallet. Moreover, if your packaging is poorly designed, or your box size poorly selected, your pallet efficiency might be considerably less than optimal! If a poor choice of box dimension cost you 15% or more in area efficiency, that’s going to increase your shipping costs by another 15%. Consider this example from a recent Supply Chain Digest piece on “the impact of packaging optimization on transportation management”. A simple package redesign increased the number of units that could fit on a pallet from 120 to 300 while increasing pallet utilization from 77% to 91%, which represents an 18% improvement in area efficiency. This represents a savings of 60% in transportation costs! Even if your savings potential was only half that, that’s considerable. So don’t forget to optimize your packaging.

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Sourcing Innovation Welcomes Trade Extensions as New Lead Sponsor

Sourcing Innovation is pleased to welcome Trade Extensions, an innovative provider of negotiation and decision optimization platforms, as it’s newest lead sponsor. The Trade Extensions solution, which represents the next generation of on-line, real-time, sourcing and transportation decision optimization solutions, has been growing as rapidly in depth, breadth, and usability as the company itself.

Trade Extensions, which expanded into the UK with its Cambridge area office in 2007 and into the US with its Houston office in 2008, is rapidly becoming known as the leading player in the global sourcing decision optimization market, which, as we know, is quite small in both the strategic sourcing and transportation domains (with the other players essentially limited to Algorhythm, CombineNet, Emptoris, and Iasta in the former and APL Logistics, Axxom, Llamasoft, SCA Technologies, Schneider Logistics, and TC Logic and a handful of others in the latter). Despite still being relatively unknown to the North American mass market, it has already won over some very big players including AT Kearney, BP, Colgate-Palmolive, Dow, Siemens, and Schneider (who use their platform to power BidSmart) in addition to the dozens of other big name clients it has throughout Europe and, now, through the United States as well. This is probably because it is one of the few vendors with a platform that can handle extremely large events (with tens of thousands of lanes/items and hundreds of thousands of bids) and find optimal solutions in relatively short time-frames. (The recent CAPS Research Study took care to note that most of the solutions it reviewed could not handle extremely large events.)

Their solution, which I covered on The Eleventh Day of X-Mas, is a self-service SaaS platform that can be sourced on a per-event basis or on an annual basis. In addition to full-featured e-RFX, e-Auction, and project management, it’s negotiation platform just added contract management functionality and spend analysis capabilities. It’s bid forms are customizable, each item can have as many attributes and prices as it requires and prices can be in a matrix format, it can support arbitrary formulas in price calculations, and scenario rules and filters can be defined with Excel uploads.

Furthermore, it’s a true strategic sourcing decision optimization platform, meeting all of the requirements outlined in the wiki-paper. That’s one of the most impressive aspects of their offering. Many providers who have tried to integrate optimization into real-time auctions have either failed or cut corners. They did neither. Another great capability is their constraint, or rule, flexibility. Rules can be based on filters, act on any attribute, and be created as templates which can be saved and re-used across scenarios.

Trade Extensions is another innovative company that I suspect you’ll be seeing a lot of in the years ahead.

So join me in welcoming Trade Extensions as Sourcing Innovation’s newest lead sponsor.