Category Archives: Supplier Management

Good Tips on Strategic Cost Management from the eSide

That’s right. “The eSide”. Not necessarily where you would expect them if you’re old school and always flipping to the b-Side, but that’s the beauty of high-tech. Even though the goal of Supply Management should be to increase value to the organization, the reality is that the C-suite in most organizations, big or small, global or local are still focussed on maintaining — or, preferably, reducing — the costs for procured goods and services. Plus, quick wins in these categories give the organization more leverage to take-on bigger, value-focussed, projects.

However, as the article notes, before you start, it’s worth noting that there’s a discernible difference between price reduction and cost reduction. Cost reduction is typically sustainable over the long term, while price reduction is often a short-term commercial concession, which is then typically reversed later when the power balance in the buyer/supplier dynamic changes. And, most importantly, managing cost with suppliers who can often considerably help with cost savings is complex and requires a lot of effort.

However, costs are controlled by drivers, and suppliers often have a better understanding of these drivers than your organization does, especially since your organization is typically buying components from these suppliers that are buying raw materials that are the primary components of your cost. And even if the supplier provides a cost breakdown that underpins the price structure, it can be very difficult to understand what the information is telling you. You need a cost model that allows you to provide repeatable analytic capability that lets you understand what the information is telling you and whether costs are going up or down or staying flat. And, as you know, this will require working with knowledgeable colleagues in other functions such as finance and engineering, and the best candidates for the latter will often be in your supplier’s organization. Plus, suppliers will often bring new and innovative ways of reducing cost to the table that might not have been considered previously. Especially if you explore looser specifications with suppliers to broaden the opportunity for cost reduction through innovation and generation of alternative solutions. Remembering that for manufactured products in particular, the majority of suppliers’ costs are incurred at their factories, the suppliers will often have the best ideas for cost reduction — which might come in the form of an alternative (easier to manufacture) design, different raw materials, or even a different manufacturing process.

Suppliers are your allies, not your enemies, and collaborative efforts, focussed on profit sharing, can be the best way to control cost for the long term.

For Lasting Results, Follow the Procurement Leaders …

… but be sure to focus on the right characteristics first. Reviewing a recent summary of A.T. Kearney’s 2011 “Assessment of Excellence in Procurement Study” over on the A.T. Kearney site on why you should “Follow the Procurement Leaders” that described seven ways to lasting results, I couldn’t help but notice that they had all the right suggestions, but in reverse order. Starting from the bottom of the list, and working our way up, we see that the suggestions will transform your organization from an average performer to best in class.

  1. Win the “War for Talent”.
    This is the first T necessary for supply chain success and the most critical one. No supply chain function can be happen without someone in place to plan, manage, and execute it — and for any function to be planned, managed, and executed in an optimal manner, you need world-class talent.
  2. Adopt Technology.
    This is the second T necessary for supply chain success and the next most critical one. Once you have found the right talent to take your supply chain to the next level, you need to enable your talent with the right technology to make them as efficient and effective as possible.
  3. Transition to Category Strategies.
    As the article notes leading procurement organizations use more advanced toolkits — systematically employing more than twice as many methods as the followers — to tailor their approaches to each situation. That’s why leading e-Sourcing / e-Procurement providers are now offering platforms with category templates / workflow management capabilities to allow platform customization to each organizational category and support the third T of supply chain success.
  4. Use Supplier Relationship Management.
    Suppliers are key to supply chain success, and leaders manage the relationship to get the most out of it. They use suppliers to improve innovation and growth, monitor compliance and risk management, and improve capabilities across the supply chain.
  5. Manage Risk Systematically.
    Leaders use risk-impact analysis, financial risk management, and disaster planning as ways to protect against, and mitigate the effects, of disruptions — unlike the risk management “followers” that constitute 80% of companies that are a single natural disaster away from a major supply disruption.
  6. Contribute to Top and Bottom Lines.
    It’s not just about cost reduction, but about value generation. Good Supply Management doesn’t just stop at cost reduction, but goes onto demand reduction, component innovation, product innovation, and even market innovation. This is done by managing risks, managing supplier relations, applying category strategies, using technology, and using all of the skills your talent possesses.
  7. Align with the Business.
    Leading supply management organizations support the business strategy. And while this is the most important goal from the viewpoint of Supply Management, as the goal is to increase the image of Supply Management in the organization, this can not be accomplished until all of the pieces of the puzzle, described in the first six steps, are in place.

Procurement Game Plan: A Review Part III.1

Charles Dominick of Next Level Purchasing and Soheila R. Lunney of Lunney Advisory Group recently released The Procurement Game Plan: Winning Strategies and Techniques for Supply Management Professionals. In our first post, we set the stage with The Purchasing Professional’s 10 Commandments. In our second post, we covered the first four chapters of the book that discuss organizational role, supply management strategy, talent, and social responsibility — the stage that a modern supply management professional has to act upon. In our third post, we continued our detailed review with a discussion of the chapters on strategic sourcing and supplier qualification. Then, in our last few posts, we discussed the chapters on negotiation. This post begins our discussion of managing supplier relationships, measuring performance, and improving performance, which will conclude our review of The Procurement Game Plan: Winning Strategies and Techniques for Supply Management Professionals.

The chapter on managing supplier relationships covers a lot of material, but the most important point that it covers is the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) golden rule: when something goes wrong, blame yourself first. If the supplier was properly vetted, the contract appropriately defined, and the relationship properly managed, the only thing that should cause you a problem is an act of god, an act of nature, or an act of war. Unless something happens that would allow a supplier to invoke force majeure, nothing significant should go wrong. If it does, it is (due to a previous) error on your part. As the authors state do not blame the supplier until you’ve thoroughly investigated the problem and are absolutely sure that the problem was the fault of the supplier because many times the the problem is … the fault of your own organization. (And even if it isn’t, why did you select a supplier who would be so lax? That’s your fault!)

Furthermore, if you consider the primary reasons that most relationships falter, you’ll see that they are all your fault!

  • Unclear Expectations
    Often the performance that you expect is different than what the supplier understands is required. Expectations should be clearly defined with respect to metrics, written down, and discussed with every supplier. There should be no doubt in your mind that the supplier understands what is good behaviour and what is bad behaviour. Failure to insure that this level of understanding is reached is your fault.
  • Opportunistic Behaviour
    There is a certain amount of trust involved in a buy-sell relationship and if the buyer attempts to take advantage of every issue by demanding a discount or other concession (before the problem is thoroughly investigated and the source clearly identified), the supplier will lose their interest in committing itself to help the buyer succeed. Attempting to take advantage of every issue, especially when the cause is likely a lack of expectation setting or supplier management, is your fault.
  • Poor Selection Methodology
    If you ended up with a poor supplier, then the selection process was flawed. Guess what, that’s your fault too!

Now, sometimes it will be the supplier’s fault. Every now and again the shop floor will not have the dedication or interest in pleasing you that your counterpart has, or an executive, stuck between a rock and a hard place when he realizes that the organization overcommitted a certain product or for a certain time window, will decide that you are going to get the short straw, but if you’ve done everything right, this will be the exception and not the norm. And both cases are easily corrected a supplier that wants your business. A heart-to-heart will be had in the first instance (and the people responsible will shape up or be shipped out) and refunds or other concessions will be offered in the second. And the supplier will work with you to make sure it doesn’t happen again.

And if you’ve down your job right, and you find yourself in a situation where a supplier decides not to perform up to expectations and not do anything about it, you already have a multi-stage back up, risk mitigation, and/or disaster recovery plan to fall back on. Starting with emergency meetings and site visits with your counterpart and/or senior management, through third party assistance (such as arbitration or mediation), through termination and a switch to your backup supplier, the recovery strategy and process will be well-documented and ready to spring into action.

The chapter does a great job of covering your options for rationalizing the supply base if things do fall apart, identifying cost reduction opportunities within your current supply chain if they don’t, and the cornerstones of good SRM, which is critical if you want a true supplier alliance, but the only other section we’re going to cover is on minimizing leakage. Once a contract is effected it has to be monitored, carefully, or leakage (which will occur no matter what you do) will increase from a slow drip to a gushing waterfall.

Minimizing leakage in an average organization is, fortunately, pretty straight forward. As the authors note, you:

  • Monitor expenditures regularly
    The biggest barrier to leakage (which can take many forms but typically takes the forms of off-contract maverick buying, over-invoicing, or over-payment) is a watchful eye. Like the watched pot that never wants to boil, a buyer is more likely to stick to a contract when being watched, a supplier is more likely to double check its invoices if being watched, and an accounts payable clerk is more likely to check for duplicate invoices or payments. The simple act of watching (followed by a regular report to senior management on who’s not doing their job) can often cut leakage from 40% to 10%. (And for some great ideas on how to find leakage, why not download the 100%-free no-registration-required eBook on Spend Visibility: An Implementation Guide?)
  • Celebrate and Publicize Success
    Securing an interview with a trade publication or leading blog and having your stakeholders participate not only gives credit and builds ownership of the process, but it instills accountability. Who’s going to jeopardize a savings commitment when the CEO has seen it in a news report?
  • Involve Stakeholders
    In RFP evaluation, supplier survey scoring, and even contract monitoring. If stakeholders feel like they own the process, they are going to do their best to see that it is followed and the savings commitments reached. After all, if they are involved, they are going to share the credit for the success (and that’s ten times better than being blamed for failure, right?).

Our review will continue and discuss the final topics of the game plan — measuring performance, supporting technologies, and your strategy for procurement success.

Open Up Your Supply Chain With E2Open

Today is the official launch of E2Open‘s new Collaboration Center, E2Open Version 8.0. The focus of this release are their new supply dashboards with real-time KPIs, predictive analytics and exception notifications designed to allow an organization to manage its global trading network across multiple supply tiers.

E2Open was founded in 2000 with the vision to provide supply chain managers visibility into their entire supply chain network — beyond just the first tier of suppliers because problems often start with your suppliers’ suppliers and your suppliers’ suppliers’ suppliers. Getting visibility into a late shipment or raw material shortfall as soon as it happens gives an organization time to find an alternate supply or alternate go-to-market strategy, as opposed to finding out the day after your supplier was supposed to ship. Since then, E2Open has gone through multiple versions of its platform and its E2open Business Network (8 to be precise) and now offers solutions in Collaborative Supply Planning, Demand Management, Logistics Visibility, Order Management, Inventory Management, and B2B Managed Services with a customer list that includes Blackberry, Dell, FoxConn, Hitachi, Motorola, and Seagate to name a few.

However, today we are only going to focus on its new collaborative platform and its supply management dashboards to be precise. Why would I do such a thing, especially since I repeatedly claim that Dashboards are Dangerous and Dysfunctional in full agreement with Robert D. Austin? Because the reason they are dysfunctional is that they lull you into a false sense of security when you see a lot of green. As I said in SI’s now classic post:

a dashboard can not tell you how well you’re doing … the best it can do is capture the data it’s been programmed to capture, roll-up the metrics it’s been programmed to roll up, and do the built in calculations of efficiency based on those roll-ups.

As a result, even if it tells you that 90% of spend is “on contract”, that doesn’t mean it is. It won’t tell you that 10% of spend has been misclassified under the wrong code and is being reported as on-contract when it’s really, really not. The truth is that:

a dashboard can only provide an upper bound on how well you’re doing, and this is useless. Reporting that my efficiency is at most 98% when it is in fact 92% is useless and unactionable.

However, if the goal is reversed from trying to tell you how well you are doing, and giving an inaccurate upper bound, to how poor you are doing, and give an accurate, minimal lower bound, it becomes useful. And if you can then define metrics such as inspected orders, reviewed invoices, verified shipments, etc. and report on the uninspected orders, unreviewed invoices, and unverified shipments (etc.), then you not only know everything that’s wrong but how many dark corners could be holding problems waiting to materialize but where to look when the problems you know about have been solved.

And that’s why E2Open’s new dashboard, developed in HTML5 and available through your browser, is useful. Not only does it provide deep, near real-time insight into your global supply network, with data aggregated across the multiple tiers of your supply network as fast as the platform can get access to it (which is real-time if the suppliers are using a modern supply management system with real-time query / export capability or once a day if the supplier is still on an old ERP/MRP that does a daily export in CSV to a secured FTP directory), but the drill-down dashboard can be configured to display whatever KPIs and metrics you want, however you want.

You can choose the standard indicators that show that 98% of your orders are expected to ship on time, based upon tier-1 and tier-2 suppliers shipping their components and raw materials on time, or you can invert it and show that 2% of your orders are late. Every metric can be reversed and you can filter what is displayed. So, if you want, you can set it up to show ALL RED and just show you

  • all the problems the system has identified that need an investigation and/or resolution and
  • how many records, products, shipments, etc. have not been manually reviewed, tested, verified as this will tell yo exactly where problems could be lurking and, if the count is high, where more oversight might be required to prevent new problems.

It’s not the standard configuration, but it is supported — and the ability to razor sharp focus into issues two levels down into your supply chain within 24 hours of your supplier’s supplier reporting a delay is fantastic. And, unlike most “dashboard” products, they support the creation of multiple public and private “dashboard” pages, at different levels of visibility and granularity, to allow each user to track all KPIs, metrics, and issues relevant to them. It’s not trying to be a one-size fits all solution because E2Open recognizes that, in supply chain, one size does not fit all.

Furthermore, 90% visibility at each tier is possible very quickly as they have done over 400 ERP / MRP / Supply Chain system integrations to date and can on-board suppliers on all of the major platforms very quickly. And they even have the ability to do trending and predictive analytics to identify where problems might occur — which is useful when you know that somewhere in a certain data blackhole there is likely an issue but are unsure where to start.

E2Open’s new release is worth checking out. The platform strives to give you a single version of the truth across your supply network and does a good job at doing it. And the inventory management / collaborative forecasting drill down capability is just as detailed as some of the best inventory solutions on the marketplace.

Procurement Game Plan: A Review Part II.1

Charles Dominick of Next Level Purchasing and Soheila R. Lunney of Lunney Advisory Group recently released The Procurement Game Plan: Winning Strategies and Techniques for Supply Management Professionals. In our first post, we set the stage with The Purchasing Professional’s 10 Commandments. In our last post, we covered the first four chapters of the book that discuss organizational role, supply management strategy, talent, and social responsibility — the stage that a modern supply management professional has to act upon. In Part II, we will continue our detailed review with a discussion of strategic sourcing, supplier qualification, and negotiations — the subjects of chapters 5 through 8 and critical skills for strategic sourcing success. This post will focus on strategic sourcing and supplier qualification.

The chapter on strategic sourcing starts off with a short and concise definition of what strategic sourcing is — the rigourous process of identifying the right supplier. Not necessarily the supplier of cheapest or highest quality, but the one that offers the greatest overall net benefit to the organization with respect to the project and organizational goals.

The chapter has a detailed discussion of the steps that is not much different than what you would find in any paper or book on the strategic sourcing process, but does a good job of pointing out that the version of the strategic sourcing process you implement does not matter as the key is that proper strategic sourcing is collaborative and organized process that promotes cross functional teams for unified decision making with the guidance and leadership of executive level supply management. It also gets the implementation right — start with easy wins, move on to bread-and-butter categories, and end with tougher, non-traditional categories that are usually ripe with savings — but does not necessarily get the starting points in each category right. Sure office supplies are easy wins because this is a category you can always take 10% off of, but if it’s a relatively small spend for your organization, it’s not worth it. Sometimes just getting a category under contract that is not currently under contract on a core purchase will save you five or ten times as much. In order to properly segment the categories, you have to start with a proper spend analysis. It does point out the importance of spend analysis for understanding the savings opportunity in each category, but this has to be done before you segment the categories into your three sourcing waves. The reality is that no indicator, including the four great indicators defined on page 74, is enough to guarantee a category has, or does not have, savings. A more detailed spend analysis is always required.

One section of the chapter on strategic sourcing I particularly liked was the skills for future nontraditional category strategic sourcing. In order to be able to gain support of the organizations with the sacred cow spending and work with them to get these costs under control, you are going to have to learn their business — and this is going to require new skills. This point is so important it’s too bad that this wasn’t a chapter in and of itself.

Another section that was great in this chapter was the section that defined the eleven signs of ethical competitive bidding. If you want successful strategic sourcing events, you need the participation of the best suppliers on the market. And the only way you’re going to get that participation is if they believe you are a customer worthy of their product. If they see you doing shady back-room deals, you will not be perceived as a customer-of-choice, and it is likely that they will only participate in your events when they are in financial trouble — which is not a situation you want your supplier in.

The chapter on supplier qualification starts with a section on predicting supplier performance — which is a great place to start. If your prediction is that a supplier will not perform well, and there are multiple suppliers likely to perform well, it probably makes sense to not invite the supplier to your event. If your prediction is that only a handful of suppliers will perform well, maybe you should forget the auction and go straight to negotiations, in order of predicted performance. The three questions it provides are a great place to start. A supplier who does not have a core competency in your category, who does not have experience satisfying requests with requirements like yours, and who does not have the right capacity is not likely to perform well. The third question is more important than you think. If your contract would take up more than 15% of their business, and they are busy, not only will capacity be tight, but if your demand fluctuates significantly, it could have a significant impact on their ability to perform. Inversely, if your requirements constitute less than 1% of their demand, while they may have the capacity, they may not have the incentive to service you timely if a customer that represents 10% of their capacity suddenly needs an extra production run.

The sections on the evaluation of big and small suppliers are also good reads, as suppliers should be evaluated carefully, but I’d be wary of testing the escalation plan (which requires calling points of contact and timing their response) until you are in actual negotiations. If every buyer called every supplier during the initial supplier qualification phase, they suppliers would be overwhelmed and unable to respond to anything or get their jobs done. They’d have to hire more people just to answer phones all day. Their cost to serve would increase, and, as a result, so would your cost. The section on dual vs. single source was always great. The answer to this question is never as easy as it seems.

And the discussion of risk mitigation is equally challenging. However, the suggestions that you get a sample, ask for a money-back guarantee, and conduct a quality audit are all good ones. A supplier confident in their work will generally agree to all this and the added comfort will smooth the relationship. An audit will take time, but as the authors note, choosing the wrong supplier is guaranteed to take even more time, more money, and an endless array of aggravation and frustration. Take the time to get it right.