Monthly Archives: April 2010

Don’ts for Procurement Leadership, Part II

A recent article in the CPO Agenda had some good “Dos and Don’ts of Procurement Leadership” that are worth repeating. Today we’re going to dive into the other five don’ts and put an SI slant on them. DON’T:

  • Wish for a Quiet LifeNot only do you have to constantly evangelize the benefits of your procurement, but you have to be in the thick of it day in and day out. After all, any job that’s too quiet is probably on the way out. (You don’t want to be this guy.)
  • Ignore the Power of Networking EventsEven though confidentiality and non-disclosures may prevent your colleagues from sharing all the details of their challenges, you can still get the pulse of what the hot button issues are and what your colleagues are trying to do to address them. You might learn about new processes or (software) solutions that can help you with your job.
  • Ignore TalentAs per our last post, your people are the ultimate key to your success. Nurture their talent and do what you can to attract more talent to work for you. After all, there’s nothing wrong with not being the brightest bulb in the box when it comes to execution when you’re measured on organizational performance. Your analysts should have better data skills, your negotiators better sales skills, and your relationship managers can have a higher EQ. You’ll never be replaced if you’re the one with the best leadership skills who can serve as the glue that can hold the team of chefs together and convince them to work towards the common good and not their own personal goals. (Well, at least not if your boss has any brains at all.)
  • Miss Your Key ResultsYou have to deliver what you promise, plain and simple.
  • Be ArrogantYou should be extremely confident in your abilities to deliver world-class performance, but you shouldn’t step over the line. You’re still the new kid on the block, so you need all the help you can get.

What is Strategy? And How Is It Obtained? (Part IV)

Part I reviewed the definitions of strategy offered by Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Kenneth R. Andrews, Michael E. Porter, Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman Jr., Richard N. Foster, Andrew S. Grove, and Henry Mintzberg, who are generally thought to be (among) the preeminent strategists of the last 50 years. It then indicated why each, on its own, was not sufficient. Part II looked at the definitions provided by Richard Whittington, Gordon Walker, and Robert Wittman and Matthias P. Reuter and derived not only some generic approaches to strategy, but many of the essential elements that a strategy needs to have — which allowed for the derivation of a working definition of business strategy. This was a good start, but it didn’t yield much insight as to how an organization goes about getting it. Thus, Part III discussed a few of the “strategy guides” and “strategy frameworks” that were out there and concluded that most were either specialist frameworks that could only be applied in certain circumstances (like the Blue Ocean Strategy Framework, the McKinsey 7-S Strategy Framework, and Value Stream Mapping) or simply lists of critical issues and requirements that must be addressed in the formulation of the strategy.

This post — which attempts to circumvent the needless complexity surrounding strategy formulation frameworks when the basics are pretty straight forward — is going to present a simple, generic, framework for strategy formulation that anyone can use to get started. Like the working definition of strategy, it might not be perfect, but as with the working definition of strategy, there is not a better one that’s as generically useful and as easy to understand. Basically, “strategy” is not some pie-in-the-sky PowerPoint production that can only be produced by a 50K+ a day consulting firm. It’s something that anyone with a decent mind for business and a decent understanding of their operations and market can do. And it doesn’t have to be fantastic either … good strategies can get consistently good results, which brings stability — which is probably the most important thing in turbulent markets. (Everyone in an organization has a lifetime to get rich. Forgetting that is what gets businesses into trouble.)

So what does the framework look like? Simple. It looks like this:

It starts with a Vision that is created by the organizational leaders based upon a solid understanding of their business, their market, and potential opportunities.

Once the (initial) Vision is decided upon, a Gap Analysis is conducted to determine the gap between where the organization is and needs to be. This Gap Analysis is based upon an understanding of where the organization currently is and what is needed to execute the vision.

Once the Gap Analysis is completed, an Execution Plan is derived by the stakeholders that will take the organization from where it is to where it needs to be. The execution plan outlines the current organizational capabilities that will be applied, new capabilities that will need to be added, and outside capabilities that will be utilized. When (a draft) of the plan is completed, it is analyzed against the Gap Analysis to see if it will close the gap within a target time frame with a reasonable probability. If the Gap Analysis is adequately addressed, the vision and execution plan become the organizational strategy. If the Gap Analysis is not adequately addressed, the remaining gap is computed and the plan is re-worked, or, if it is decided that the gap probably can’t be closed, the revised Gap Analysis is sent to the C-suite who can adjust the Vision accordingly.

The only other component is Research — of which the organization has to do lots. The organization needs to know where it is now, what capabilities it has, what resources it has to work with, what it’s doing, what it could be doing, what additional capabilities or resources it will need to do something else, etc. Note that this is where the other, more specialized, frameworks become useful. Where is the organization now? (MACS (Market-Activated Corporate Strategy Framework) Where is the market likely going? (Scenario Planning) Can the market be redefined? (Blue Ocean Strategy Framework) How will the market reactions change to a change in strategy? (Porter’s Five Force Analysis) How will IT help with execution? (McKinsey 7-S Strategy Framework) Can the execution plan be leaned? (Value Stream Mapping)

The effort is done when the strategy addresses the working definition and answers the six questions everyone was taught to ask in elementary school — the who, what, when, where, why, and how. In other words, when:

  • the VISION specifies what the organization is going to do (be the high-value provider), where the organization is going to do it (in North America, Europe, and Australasia), and implicitly answers the why (because buyers do not have a high value choice) and
  • the EXECUTION PLAN specifies who (engineering, marketing, sales) will be doing what (designing a new product, launching the campaign, visiting key retailers), when (this quarter, next quarter, next year), and how they will be doing it (utilizing an expert design firm’s services, capitalizing on new media, holding in-person displays).

That’s it. While it might require a lot of work (and a whole lot of research), new methodologies to enable and inspire collaboration (such as the QuEST framework specified in Nilofer’s The New How), and quite a bit of patience (as a fair amount of iteration will be required until the organization gets the process down and understands what sort of research it will need to conduct in advance of each step), there’s no magic involved. Strategy is within everyone’s grasp.

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The Best Argument for Supply Chain Risk Management

Forget Eyjafjallajokull, and the ash cloud that didn’t exist. The biggest risk to your supply chain is not an unexpected natural disaster. It’s the people in, and around, your supply chain … and the nutjobs that will overreact when there is no plan in place to follow.

 

 

The best argument for supply chain risk management, as outlined in recent research from Manchester Business School, is the simple fact that 88% of supply chain interruptions are the consequence of human action. This includes accidents, production problems and labour unavailability due to poor planning, strikes, thefts, and cyberattacks. This means that a good supply chain risk management strategy can mititage 9 out of 10 potential disruptions.

Moreover, if your risk management plan focusses on generic, and not specific interruptions, such as “our primary air carrier and/or mode of transport becomes unavailable for more than 3 days”, you can even mitigate the effects of some natural disasters! So get planning!

 

Don’ts for Procurement Leadership, Part I

A recent article in the CPO Agenda had some good “Dos and Don’ts of Procurement Leadership” that are worth repeating. Today we’re going to dive into five of the don’ts and put an SI slant on them. DON’T:

  • OverpromiseProcurement still doesn’t have the recognition that Marketing, Sales, Legal, and other traditional business functions have. And we’re not going to get it if we set expectations we can’t deliver on. So while it’s important to promise (almost) as much as you can to get notice, it’s even more important not to over-promise.
  • OverreactYou’re going to face countless challenges and frustrations on a daily basis. It’s part of the job. Trust in your ability, and that of your team, to get through it, because if you overreact, the C-suite might think that maybe you’re not ready to be a business leader and even considering outsourcing your department and you.
  • Limit Your AmbitionsA CPO is an agent for change. You should always be striving to find ways to do better.
  • Miss An OpportunityBe sure to sell your success ever time you’re in front of a C-Suite Executive or a Board Member. It’s part of The Quest for Purchasing Fire.
  • Spread Yourself Too ThinBe sure to focus on the biggest priorities and cost reduction opportunities first. There’s always next year for the other opportunities, and maybe changing market conditions will allow for greater cost reductions on those opportunities next year. If you’re not sure where to start, do a spend analysis. After all, with a real spend analysis tool, the traditional reasons why data analysis is avoided are irrelevant.

What is Strategy? And How Is It Obtained? (Part III)

Part I reviewed the definitions of strategy offered by Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Kenneth R. Andrews, Michael E. Porter, Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman Jr., Richard N. Foster, Andrew S. Grove, and Henry Mintzberg, who are generally thought to be (among) the preeminent strategists of the last 50 years. It then indicated why each, on its own, was not sufficient. Part II looked at the definitions provided by Richard Whittington, Gordon Walker, and Robert Wittman and Matthias P. Reuter and derived not only some generic approaches to strategy, but many of the essential elements that a strategy needs to have. This allowed for the derivation of the following, working, definition of business strategy:

a comprehensive rational plan of action to achieve one or more goals designed to give the organization one or more competitive advantages consistent with the long term sustainable vision of the organization that addresses historical and emerging market patterns, emerging markets and technologies, resource allocations, offensive and defensive actions, organizational and customer cultures, and the people who will make the plan work.

Having this definition is a great start, but it doesn’t provide any insight as to how a business strategy is derived, which is the precursor to a successful supply chain strategy. This post will look at some of the different proposals out there and then, in Part IV, look at harmonizing them into a workable approach that can be used to get started.

The first thing one notices when the “strategy guides”, that purport to address formulation and execution, are examined is that most define strategy as that which addresses a set of critical issues or requirements and do not provide a framework for its construction.

For example, Lawrence Hrebiniak, author of Making Strategy Work: Leading Effective Execution and Change and the corresponding article on “Making Strategy Work: Overcoming the Obstacles to Effective Execution” in the Ivey Business Journal lists the following critical issues that must be addressed by an effectively formulated strategy:

  • Having an Implementation Model to Guide Execution Thoughts and Actions
  • Remembering that Sound Strategy Comes First
  • Structure is Important to Successful Implementation
  • Care Must be Taken to Translate Strategic Objectives into Short-term Operating Metrics
  • Clear Responsibility and Accountability are a Must for Effective Execution
  • Reward the Right Things – Use Incentives to Support Execution Processes and Outcomes
  • Ensure the Development of Appropriate Capabilities and Managerial Skills to Make Strategy Work
  • Focus on Managing Change

Then there are W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne who, in Blue Ocean Strategy, indicate that the goal is to make the competition irrelevant and state that the formulation of a “blue ocean strategy” involves

  • the reconstruction of market boundaries,
  • a focus on the big picture, not the numbers,
  • a reach beyond existing demand, and
  • getting the strategic sequence right.

In “Be Different or be Dead”, Roy Osing indicates that construction of a BE DIFFERENT strategy involves the following eight steps, which are intermixed questions and actions that also seem to be devoid of a unifying framework:

  • How big does management want the organization to be? Set growth and financial goals first.
  • Who should the organization serve? Choose target customers that will satisfy big goals.
  • How will the organization win? Construct the ‘only’ statement to separate the organization from the pack.
  • Create the strategic game plan. It should make a good strategy elevator speech.
  • Define the critical objectives to achieve 80% of the strategic game plan.
  • Assign accountability for each objective.
  • Be insane about execution.
  • Monitor, review, learn, and adjust during execution.

And Gary Neilson, Karla Martin, Elizabeth Powers take a similar approach in “The Secrets to Successful Strategy Execution” in the Harvard Business review. Basically, they harp on the importance of a plan that:

  • clarifies decision rights,
  • designs information flows,
  • aligns motivators, and
  • makes structural changes.

Basically, the only “frameworks” out there are Porter’s Five Force Analysis, Strategy Mapping, Value Stream Mapping, the Blue Ocean Strategy Framework, MACS (Market-Activated Corporate Strategy Framework) [McKinsey], the McKinsey 7-S Strategy Framework, and Scenario Planning. But none of these are general purpose frameworks that can be used ubiquitously. Porter’s five forces only indicate whether or not a strategy has a chance of succeeding, not how to go about formulating it. Strategy mapping, which grew out of Kaplan’s and Norton’s work on the Balanced Scorecard, is very performance and metric centred, which is useless for entirely new initiatives. Value stream mapping is highly customized to (lean) manufacturing. The Blue Ocean Strategy doesn’t apply if creating an entirely new market isn’t feasible. The MACS framework is based heavily on financial planning, which may not be feasible early on in the strategy formulation process. The 7-S Strategy framework has been highly customized for IT and Scenario Planning and helps in the identification of scenarios that need to be addressed, but provides little in the way of resolutions.

In other words, most of what’s out there provides a good checklist, but little provides a good framework that a strategy formulation effort can be based upon. Part IV will address a method for harmonizing this insight and provide a starting point.

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