Category Archives: Procurement Innovation

2023 was the year of Intake. Will 2024 be the Year of Orchestration?

Orchestrate the feeds
Pave the way for meeting needs
Phase one is initiated,
there’s no more paper chase, eh?
Set the space ablaze
Case closed, we did rephrase
Workflows for phase by phase
Gets you through the hard days

To the tune of “Orchestrate” by Eliozie
(Outtro NSFW)

2023 may have been the year of Intake with Zip raising 100M to do Procurement intake management for the layperson, but 2024 will be the year of Orchestration. The reason is that while it’s great to manage intake and give the organizational end-users and stakeholders insight into where their request is in the process at all times, allowing them to interact with Sourcing and Procurement where needed, it’s even greater to give Sourcing and Procurement the orchestration engine they need to get their job done and fulfill those organizational requests efficiently and effectively – across people, processes, and platforms.

With so many challenges for an average buyer to fulfill a request from an organizational employee or stakeholder:

  • identify potential suppliers
  • identify potential products
  • verify products
  • for suppliers not onboarded, verify supplier eligibility for onboarding
  • onboard the required suppliers for the sourcing event
  • conduct the sourcing event
  • identify the winner
  • conduct negotiations and …
  • collaboratively develop a contract for signature
  • (e-)sign the contract
  • identify and track the performance obligations
  • identify and track the compliance obligations
  • import the pricing into the e-Procurement system
  • send out the (first) PO
  • track the order acknowledgement and the shipment
  • ensure and record delivery
  • etc. etc. etc.

Doing all of this often involves

  • using a third party supplier discovery service to identify potential solutions
  • searching product specs in a third party marketplace that integrates with your catalog management application
  • using a TPRM (third party risk management) to make sure the supplier doesn’t have any obvious red flags
  • onboarding the supplier in your supplier management solution to collect organizational specific data requirements in order for you to potentially transact with the supplier
  • switching to an e-Sourcing tool to do the RFP/RFQ (as appropriate)
  • running a (weighted) analysis on the bids to select a winner …
    possibly in an analytics solution
  • conducting negotiations in a negotiation management tool (that may or may not be integrated with the CLM)
  • managing the contract drafting processing in the CLM
  • … and the signing in the e-Signature tool
  • and then run the the contract through a contract analysis solution to push the performance and compliance obligations into the governance module
  • … and extract and push the pricing into the e-Procurement system(‘s integrated catalog)
  • … where the PO is cut and the Ack received before …
  • they have to manage the invoice in the I2P (Invoice to Pay) / AP (Accounts Payable) system as well as verify the goods receipt
  • etc. etc. etc.

Furthermore, even if the organization has a “suite”, chances are it’s not that “sweet” and many of the core modules aren’t tightly integrated (as most of today’s S2P “suites” were assembled through acquisition and while the UX has been cleaned up to look consistent at first glance and there is some “endpoint” integration, chances are that it’s minimal data push and pull between process endpoints). It’s also often the case that if the required workflow doesn’t exactly match a very specific use case, the integration just doesn’t work seamlessly and it’s a lot of effort. That’s for the modules in the suite. Not all modules are in the suite. Most suites don’t have full TPRM, extensive compliance management, negotiation support, inventory management, etc. and that is through non-integrated third party solutions. A simple process that should take a few hours of effort to check all the boxes can take days of effort as buyers have to switch between multiple systems, check status, re-enter data, switch back to the intake platform to update the requester, make changes, and so on. Just like the introduction of “modern solutions” has taken onboarding from a 2-day fax and email process to a 2-week gated process with multiple, disjointed, approvals, the proliferation of disjoint, specialized, Source-to-Pay-Plus solutions has taken simple processes that take hours of person-work and days in real-time to complex processes that take days of person-work and weeks in real-time.

The solution? Procurement orchestration. Something that integrates, to the extent possible, all of the modules together in the right process with the right steps in the right seamless flow that requires any piece of data to be entered once and only once in a consistent user interface … and works for all parties, the requester, the buyer, and any stakeholder involved in the process.

Does Your Procurement Process Take Too Long, Maybe You Need to Zip Through It!

Zip is an interesting player. Started in 2020 to innovate the (lack of) intake in the Procurement world, they managed, through sheer ease of use and organizational friendliness, to embed themselves in a number of large organizations, get major investor attention, and, in less than four years, catapult themselves to a unicorn valuation.

However, as a result of those investments, they’ve been hiring good engineers as fast as they can find them, beefing up the orchestration, extending the product footprint (with baseline source-to-contract as well as some procure-to-pay capability), and launching a new integration platform, which is essential for source-to-pay-plus orchestration. They are making quite rapid progress in a space where many (but not all) larger companies have considerably slowed in their introduction of new innovation.

Marketing itself as procurement orchestration, Zip was founded to address the facts that:

  • purchasing is now distributed across numerous departments, and individuals, in today’s organizations,
  • (significantly) more cross functional approvals are required to control cost and risk, and
  • the ERP is not enough, and the plethora of apps and systems a modern organization needs are disconnected.

Now that they have powerful workflow creation capability, integration capability, and overall orchestration capability that can enable whatever you have (including Workday, Ariba, and Coupa), they now address the core problems they were formed to solve.

With the Zip platform, you can:

  • connect all individuals who need to purchase with all departments that need to be involved and vice-versa,
  • integrate all of the departments that need to review and approve purchasing (related) decisions, and
  • get visibility into each stage of the process across ALL of the organization’s systems (and even complete some tasks in the Zip platform where it has the corresponding Source-to-Pay capability).

On top of this you can:

  • integrate third party data feeds as well as applications to get insights and power analytics you need at any step of the process,
  • run cross-platform reports across performance and timelines as well as all spend, risk, and related data in the system,
  • manage your vendors and their data (which could be spread across a dozen systems) from one central viewpoint, and
  • manage your organizations (and subsidiaries) by department, category, etc.

The two-fold reason that you can do all this is because the Zip platform is really good at:

  • workflow management and
  • platform, and most importantly, data integration.

We’ll start with workflow management.

In the Zip platform, workflows are incredibly customizable. Workflows can:

  • have as many steps as required
  • which can be defined as sequential or parallel … and the workflow will not advance until all parallel steps are completed
  • have as many states as is needed (though most will only need a few states: locked, ready, in progress, approved, rejected (and sent back), rejected [and process terminated], etc.)
  • have as many sub-tasks and/or associated approvers as needed (so if the Legal Review needs two sign offs due to different policies that have to be met or the Finance Review needs two sign offs to ensure transparency, no problem)
  • have as many conditions as necessary for workflow selection / triggering (so you can have different procurement workflows by sub-category by geography if need be)
  • have as many triggers and dynamic data pulls defined as needed to instantiate a step once unlocked (e.g. bring up all vendors associated with a product, all approvers associated with a role, etc.)
  • link to as many external systems as required, with each (sub)task associated with the app/system in which the integrated party may perform his or her task
  • have as many details and associated documents as necessary
  • for Procurement, link to associated products, vendors, and / or contracts
  • etc.

And this is why the Zip Platform is so easy to use by, and attractive to, the average purchaser / requisitioner in an organization.

When an average user wants to buy, all they have to do is

  1. log into Zip via SSO (which can be configured to orchestrate organizational workflows beyond Procurement),
  2. indicate they want to purchase something
  3. select what they want to purchase
  4. make a few category/specification sub-selections to help the platform narrow in to the appropriate workflow (e.g. Facility Services, Janitorial; Computing and Electronics, Laptop;)
  5. if there are pre-approved vendors and/or products, the vendors/products; if not, they can select their own vendors/products
  6. answer a few [sub]-category dependent associated questions on the contract type, corporate or personal data that will be shared, etc.
  7. indicate the budget (amount) they wish to use (if appropriate)
  8. and submit the request …

The process is kicked off, the requisite data / document / survey collection is begun, those involved in the process are notified (and have visibility into the tasks they (potentially) have (coming), and the requester has full visibility into where the process is at all times (as the system will synch with external systems on predefined intervals between 15 minutes and 24 hours, usually depending on how often the external systems are used and what restrictions there are on access [e.g. some systems don’t have an API and do daily exports, and for systems with real-time APIs, the user can force synch anytime they want). But, most importantly, events that used to take hours to create and weeks to coordinate, can be created in minutes and the coordination effort is non-existent — the system handles everything for you.

When a user logs in, they can go to their (task) dashboard and see all the projects they are involved in, all the tasks they are assigned in those projects, and drill into all of the open tasks they need to work on now. They can also see how long the task has been open, when it is/was due, the average time taken on a task of that type, and the average time the user takes to do the task (if they drill into the appropriate report).

Moreover, if vendors are involved, vendors are invited and taken to their own portal where they see the event and only see what additional information is required (as anything requested upon onboarding is already available.

It’s also very easy to setup and administer, which is also critical for a modern platform. At any time, a user with appropriate authority can:

  • define, modify, and even inactivate workflows, as appropriate using a very easy to use no-code workflow builder where the users visually define the steps; select the actions; define the rules, actions, and triggers, etc.
  • define or modify (approval) statuses
  • define or modify the organization’s category hierarchy
  • define or modify new or existing survey templates which allow the user to add sections, questions, selection lists, etc.
  • create new system fields and documents and associate them with the appropriate system objects
  • create or modify the lookup types
  • add or modify user access rights, down to geographies, departments, workflows, function access rights
  • define or modify the organizational hierarchy (subsidiaries, departments, queues, locations, GL entities)
  • define roles, users, and permissions
  • define bank accounts and vendor (virtual) cards
  • add (out-of-the-box) or modify integrations, or launch the new low-code Zip Integration Platform that allows customers to build their own connector to any system with an Open (REST) API
  • define the default reports (vendor, spend, performance, etc.)

While we’re not covering them in this post, we should note that Zip has a P2P module (that 42% of its customers use) and a new Sourcing Module, and that Zip is actively working on new capabilities and module(s).

The new capabilities we can discuss now, on the Q1/Q2 roadmap, are:

  • NLP-based intake for even easier usability and up-front integration of Slack, Teams, and other collaboration platforms to allow workflows to be kicked off in those platforms
  • predictive analytics — the analytics module is being upgraded and it will include recommendations for spend management and process improvement using trend analysis, machine learning, and other techniques that can be used to provide the user with additional insight

In other words, Zip, which has well over 300 enterprise customers, is zipping along and intends to keep doing so. The great thing is that you don’t need to replace any of your enterprise systems, including any best of breed systems you have for sourcing or procurement, but instead connect them together to maximize the value you get out of them. Zip is an(other) I20 — intake to orchestrate — system that is certainly worth being aware of and checking out if system, process, or stakeholder orchestration and collaboration is a challenge in your enterprise.

COUPA: Centralized Optimization Underlies Procurement Adoption …

… or at least that’s what it SHOULD stand for. Why? Well, besides the fact that optimization is only one of two advanced sourcing & procurement technologies that have proven to deliver year-over-year cost avoidance (“savings”) of 10% or more (which becomes critical in an inflationary economy because while there are no more savings, negating the need for a 10% increase still allows your organization to maintain costs and outperform your competitors), it’s the only technology that can meet today’s sourcing needs!

COVID finally proved what the doctor and a select few other leading analysts and visionaries have been telling you for over a decade — that your supply chain was overextended and fraught with unnecessary risk and cost (and carbon), and that you needed to start near-sourcing/home-sourcing as soon as possible in order to mitigate risk. Plus, it’s also extremely difficult to comply with human rights acts (which mandate no forced or slave labour in the supply chain), such as the UK Modern Slavery Act, California Supply Chains Act, and the German Supply Chain Act if your supply chain is spread globally and has too many (unnecessary) tiers. (And, to top it off, now you have to track and manage your scope 1, 2, and 3 carbon in a supply chain you can barely manage.)

And, guess what, you can’t solve these problems just with:

  • supplier onboarding tools — you can’t just say “no China suppliers” when you’ve never used suppliers outside of China, the suppliers you have vetted can’t be counted on to deliver 100% of the inventory you need, or they are all clustered in the same province/state in one country
  • third party risk management — and just eliminate any supplier which has a risk score above a threshold, because sometimes that will eliminate all, or all but one, supplier
  • third party carbon calculators — because they are usually based on third party carbon emission data provided by research institutions that simply produce averages for a region / category of products (and might over estimate or under estimate the carbon produced by the entire supply base)
  • or even all three … because you will have to migrate out of China slowly, accept some risk, and work on reducing carbon over time

You can only solve these problems if you can balance all forms of risk vs cost vs carbon. And there’s only one tool that can do this. Strategic Sourcing Decision Optimization (SSDO), and when it comes to this, Coupa has the most powerful platform. Built on TESS 6 — Trade Extensions Strategic Sourcing — that Coupa acquired in 2017, the Coupa Sourcing Optimization (CSO) platform is one of the few platforms in the world that can do this. Plus, it can be pre-configured out-of-the-box for your sourcing professionals with all of the required capabilities and data already integrated*. And it may be alone from this perspective (as the other leading optimization solutions are either integrated with smaller platforms or platforms with less partners). (*The purchase of additional services from Coupa or Partners may be required.)

So why is it one of the few platforms that can do this? We’ll get to that, but first we have to cover what the platform does, and more specifically, what’s new since our last major coverage in 2016 on SI (and in 2018 and 2019 on Spend Matters, where the doctor was part of the entire SM Analyst team that created the 3-part in-depth Coupa review, but, as previously noted, the site migration dropped co-authors for many articles).

As per previous articles over the past fifteen years, you already know that:

So now all we have to focus on are the recent improvements around:

  • “smart scenarios” that can be templated and cross-linked from integrated scenario-aware help-guides
  • “Plain English” constraint creation (that allows average buyers & executives to create advanced scenarios)
  • fact-sheet auto-generation from spreadsheets, API calls, and other third-party data sources;
    including data identification, formula derivation and auto-validation pre-import
  • bid insights
  • risk-aware functionality

“Smart Events”

Optimization events can be created from event templates that can themselves be created from completed events. A template can be populated with as little, or as much as the user wants … all the way from simply defining an RFX Survey, factsheet, and a baseline scenario to a complete copy of the event with “last bid” pricing and definitions of every single scenario created by the buyer. Also, templates can be edited at any time and can define specific baseline pricing, last price paid by procurement, last price in a pre-defined fact-sheet that can sit above the event, and so on. Fixed supplier lists, all qualified suppliers that supply a product, all qualified suppliers in an area, no suppliers (and the user pulls from recommended) and so on. In addition to predefining a suite of scenarios that can be run once all the data is populated, the buyer can also define a suite of default reports to be run, and even emailed out, upon scenario completion. This is in addition to workflow automation that can step the buyer through the RFX, auto-respond to suppliers when responses are incomplete or not acceptable, spreadsheets or documents uploaded with hacked/cracked security, and so on. The Coupa philosophy is that optimization-backed events should be as easy as any other event in the system, and the system can be configured so they literally are.

Also, as indicated above, the help guides are smart. When you select a help article on how to do something, it takes you to the right place on the right screen while keeping you in the event. Some products have help guides that are pretty dumb and just take you to the main screen, not to the right field on the right sub-screen, if they even link into the product at all!

“Plain English” Constraint Creation

Even though the vast majority of constraints, mathematically, fall into three/four primary categories — capacity/allocation, risk mitigation, and qualitative — that isn’t obvious to the average buyer without an optimization, analytical, or mathematical background. So Coupa has spent a lot of time working with buyers asking them what they want, listening to their answers and the terminology they use, and created over 100 “plain english” constraint templates that break down into 10 primary categories (allocation, costs, discount, incumbent, numeric limitations, post-processing, redefinition, reject, scenario reference, and collection sheets) as well as a subset of most commonly used constraints gathered into a a “common constraints” collection. For example, the Allocation Category allows for definition “by selection sheet”, “volume”, “alternative cost”, “bid priority”, “fixed divisions”, “favoured/penalized bids”, “incumbent allocations maintained”, etc. Then, when a buyer selects a constraint type, such as “divide allocations”, it will be asked to define the method (%, fixed amount), the division by (supplier, group, geography), and any other conditions (low risk suppliers if by geography). The definition forms are also smart and respond to each, sequential, choice appropriately.

Fantastic Fact Sheets

Fact Sheets can be auto-generated from uploaded spreadsheets (as their platform will automatically detect the data elements (columns), types (text, math, fixed response set, calculation), mappings to internal system / RFX elements), and records — as well as detecting when rows / values are invalid and allow the user to determine what to do when invalid rows/values are detected. Also, if the match is not high certainty, the fact-sheet processor will indicate the user needs to manually define and the user can, of course, override all of the default mappings — and even choose to load only part of the data. These spreadsheets can live in an event or live above the event and be used by multiple events (so that company defined currency conversions, freight quotes for the month, standard warehouse costs, etc. can be used across events).

But even better, Fact Sheets can be configured to automatically pull data in from other modules in the Coupa suite and from APIs the customer has access to, which will pull in up to date information every time they are instantiated.

Bid Insights

Coupa is a big company with a lot of customers and a lot of data. A LOT of data! Not only in terms of prices its customers are paying in their procurement of products and services, but in terms of what suppliers are bidding. This provides huge insight into current marketing pricing in commonly sourced categories, including, and especially, Freight! Starting with freight, Coupa is rolling out a new bid pricing insights for freight where a user can select the source, the destination, the type (frozen/wet/dry/etc), and size (e.g. for ocean freight, the source and destination country, which defaults to container, and the container size/type combo and get the quote range over the past month/quarter/year).

Risk Aware Functionality

The Coupa approach to risk is that you should be risk-aware (to the extent the platform can make you risk aware) with every step you take, so risk data is available across the platform — and all of that risk data can be integrated into an optimization project and scenarios to reject, limit, or balance any risk of interest in the award recommendations.

And when you combine the new capabilities for

  • “smart” events
  • API-enabled fact sheets
  • risk-aware functionality

that’s how Coupa is the first platform that literally can, with some configuration and API integration, allow you to balance third party risk, carbon, and cost simultaneously in your sourcing events — which is where you HAVE to mange risk, carbon, and cost if you want to have any impact at all on your indirect risk, carbon, and cost.

It’s not just 80% of cost that is locked in during design, it’s 80% of risk and carbon as well! And in indirect, you can’t do much about that. You can only do something about the next 20% of cost, risk and carbon that is locked in when you cut the contract. (And then, if you’re sourcing direct, before you finalize a design, you can run some optimization scenarios across design alternatives to gauge relative cost, carbon, and risk, and then select the best design for future sourcing.) So by allowing you to bring in all of the relevant data, you can finally get a grip on the risk and carbon associated with a potential award and balance appropriately.

In other words, this is the year for Optimization to take center stage in Coupa, and power the entire Source-to-Contract process. No other solution can balance these competing objectives. Thus, after 25 years, the time for sourcing optimization, which is still the best kept secret (and most powerful technology in S2P), has finally come! (And, it just might be the reason that more users in an organization adopt Coupa.)

It’s No Wonder SMEs Can’t Get Procurement Right!

… when everything that the vast majority of publications tell them is barely on topic at the best of times, and, as per our article on a recent USA Today article, give them horrendously bad advice that makes absolutely no sense whatsoever.

Needless to say, the doctor found yet another article that is just, well, bad. At least this article wasn’t on USA Today. It was a regional business site in the UK (but what should we expect considering all of the examples of Bad Buying that Peter Smith has been bringing to our attention in his articles for about a decade now).

This article, which purported to educate us on 5 tools to streamline your supply chain only managed to identify three (3), that’s right three, actual supply chain tools, of which one (1), that’s right, one, tool would actually streamline your supply chain.

So let’s start with the ONE good suggestion:

Digital Freight Forwarding

Global logistics is hard. Very hard. All of the different paperwork requirements for pre-clearance, clearance, post-clearance; all of the different taxes and rates to keep track of on import/export/sale; all of the parties that need to be involved in getting the goods off the ship to the cross dock to the warehouse where the last mile carrier picks up; etc. is very demanding. If you’re not a big company that can afford a logistics department staffed by a logistics team, not just a PO clerk who has it as his part time job, you shouldn’t be doing it. You should be using a partner — it will be faster, better, and cheaper for you to do so. It will streamline your supply chain.

But that’s the last good suggestion. The following are two supply chain tools that will help you, but they will not streamline your supply chain.

Data Analytics

While a good data analytics solution will help you identify issues and bottlenecks, it won’t actually help you streamline them. You will have to leave the system to examine the issue, come up with solutions, and then go into some other system to implement those solutions.

Inventory Management

A great inventory management system will streamline inventory management processes, making it quicker and easier to maintain visibility into your stock, become aware of low stock (automated alerts), maintain your catalog, find product (when you can record the location), determine actual space utilization, and even optimize your storage rooms and warehouse. But an inventory management solution doesn’t streamline your supply chain if you need 60 days lead time and get an alert that you’ll probably be out of product 30 days before the next order arrives. For that, you need a proper forecasting tool, optimized global logistics with expediting options when needed, integration with your PoS systems for daily updates (to detect unexpected changes in sales early), etc.

And then the last two options weren’t even supply chain! (And definitely wouldn’t streamline the supply chain.) Because:

  • accounting software is for finance
  • chatbots are for customer support

If you really want to streamline your supply chain, then, in addition to help with logistics, you need:

  • automated supplier onboarding (with the ability to integrate risk/compliance data)
    (get a supplier in the system in days, not weeks)
  • P2P for easy (re)ordering and quick-hit RFQs
    (buy quickly when you need to)
  • online contract negotiation, signing, and management solutions
    (get the the deal done quickly)
  • good forecasting
    (so you know how much you will need to order and when)

And there are plenty of affordable options in each of these areas for small and mid-size enterprises. Just check out the many vendor lists that the doctor included in his 39-part Source-to-Pay series.

Grading The Prophet on His Supply Chain Predictions …

Hopefully you’ve been paying attention over on LinkedIn as The Prophet has been sharing his predictions for the Procurement and Supply Chain space for the coming year as the vast majority are right on the money.

When the series is done, the doctor will discuss each prediction in more detail, but for now, he’ll just direct you to the articles so you can catch up before The Prophet completes the series and you miss possibly the best intelligence on what is coming your way in 2024 (and what you need to consider if you are going to be anywhere near prepared for it):

Current Grade: A!